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Outplacement pomaga osiągnąć cele restrukturyzacji
Autor: Albert Binda
Firmy ograniczające zatrudnienie oczekują redukcji kosztów i podniesienia sprawności operacyjnej swoich organizacji. Często jednak emocje, opory i zaburzenia komunikacyjne towarzyszące tym zmianom znacznie osłabiają oczekiwane rezultaty. Są jednak metody pozwalające znacznie ograniczyć negatywny wpływ zwolnień na funkcjonowanie firmy.
Jedną z takich metod jest wdrożenie programu outplacement’u. Dlaczego właśnie outplacement? Przede wszystkim dlatego, że jako program ukierunkowany na pomoc pracownikom zwalnianym, de facto pomaga również tym pozostającym, kadrze kierowniczej i całej organizacji. Aby jednak tak było, trzeba umiejętnie wykorzystać ten instrument i właściwie zaplanować jego wdrożenie. Przyjrzyjmy się najważniejszym zasadom.
Komunikacja zewnętrzna
Informacja o planowanych zwolnieniach zazwyczaj elektryzuje całą organizację i wzbudza duże zainteresowanie mediów oraz najbliższego otoczenia. Rozgłosu wywołanego tym faktem prawdopodobnie nie unikniemy, dlatego jeżeli zwolnienia są konieczne warto zastanowić się w jaki sposób przekazać tę informację nie eskalując negatywnych emocji. I tu pomocny może się okazać program outplacement’u. Jeżeli zaplanujemy tę formę pomocy, od samego początku procesu restrukturyzacji warto skupić uwagę odbiorców na zakresie pomocy oferowanej odchodzącym pracownikom. Zamiast drążyć sam fakt zwolnień, które często są nieuniknione, możemy przekazać informację, że nasza firma rozpoczyna poszukiwanie nowych miejsc pracy dla pracowników, którzy przez wiele lat współtworzyli sukces całej organizacji. Takie apele zazwyczaj nie pozostają bez echa nawet w czasach kryzysu. Dzięki tak sformułowanej informacji w mediach, udało nam się pozyskać kilkadziesiąt ofert pracy w programach outplacement’u realizowanych w I kwartale bieżącego roku.
Komunikacja wewnętrzna
Przekazywanie trudnych wiadomości często okazuje się znacznie trudniejsze wewnątrz organizacji niż na zewnątrz. Przed oficjalnym komunikatem w firmie zazwyczaj wrze od plotek i domysłów. Jeżeli pracownicy mają świadomość, że ilość zamówień czy produkcji jest coraz mniejsza a wokół wszyscy dyskutują o kryzysie, wnioski zaczynają nasuwać się same. I jeśli rzeczywiście musimy przekazać tę najgorszą wiadomość swoim pracownikom, wówczas zaplanowany wcześniej program pomocy może znacznie złagodzić treść przekazywanych informacji. Oczywiście, sama decyzja o wdrożeniu outplacement’u nie uchroni firmy od zwolnień, jednak dużo lepiej powiedzieć, że „nadszedł moment, w którym części z nas będziemy musieli pomóc szukać pracy w innych firmach” niż tylko że „planowane redukcje obejmą 20% załogi”. Postawa zarządu oraz zakres planowanej pomocy będą miały w tym kresie bardzo duży wpływ na atmosferę w firmie, prowadzone negocjacje społeczne oraz nastawienie kadry kierowniczej i pracowników pozostających w firmie. A te czynniki razem wzięte, poprzez wpływ na motywację i na zaangażowanie w pracę, odbijają się bezpośrednio na wynikach firmy. Opublikowane w Wall Street Journal w latach 90-tych badania prowadzone w firmach, które przeprowadziły znaczne redukcje zatrudnienia pokazały, że aż 78% z nich nie udało się podnieść wydajności pracy. Czy te wyniki nie skłaniają do refleksji?
Kadra kierownicza i pracownicy pozostający
Tym, którzy zachowali swoje miejsca pracy w firmie motywacja wcale nie rośnie z tego powodu. Co więcej, poczucie niepewności i zagrożenia powoduje spadek morale, ogranicza zaufanie, eskaluje konflikty. Bardzo wielu pracowników doświadcza w tym okresie swoistego poczucia winy (ang. survivors’ guilt) związanego z odejściem współpracowników. Dlatego wszelkie przejawy autentycznej pomocy skierowanej do pracowników odchodzących mogą znacznie ograniczyć tę „organizacyjną chandrę” i utrzymać wewnętrzne relacje na właściwym poziomie. Aby tak się stało, komunikacja planowanych form pomocy powinna być bardzo intensywna. Warto zorganizować serię spotkań informacyjnych na temat planowanego programu outplacement’u, wzmocnić ten przekaz biuletynem informacyjnym i dyżurami konsultantów, którzy będą taki program prowadzić. Firma doradcza, której powierzymy realizację outplacement’u powinna nam pomóc właściwie zaprezentować ten program wewnątrz organizacji. Okazuje się bowiem, że przekonanie o skuteczności tej formy pomocy nie jest wysokie i należy o to zadbać, jeśli zdecydujemy się na taki program. Jeśli z oferowanej pomocy nie skorzysta zbyt wielu pracowników odchodzących, to reszta załogi odniesie wrażenie, że było to niepotrzebne. Informacje o outplacemencie powinni również przekazywać kierownicy podczas rozmów separacyjnych. Szczegółowe omówienie oferowanej pomocy może obniżyć stres towarzyszący chwili wręczenia wypowiedzenia. Dla wielu menedżerów będzie to bardzo ważne, ponieważ niejednokrotnie ten moment jest dla nich dużo bardziej stresujący niż dla samych zwalnianych.
Skuteczność pomocy
Zapowiedzi i deklaracje o oferowanej pomocy to oczywiście nie wszystko. Trzeba tę pomoc rzeczywiście zrealizować. Pozytywne efekty jakie wdrożenie outplacement’u niesie dla całej organizacji widoczne będą najbardziej wtedy, kiedy zacznie on funkcjonować i przynosić realne efekty. Skuteczność programu outplacement’u najprościej zdefiniować dwoma wskaźnikami: pierwszy to ilość pracowników, którzy uczestniczą w programie a drugi to ilość osób, które dzięki temu uczestnictwu uzyskują nowe zatrudnienie. Jeżeli co najmniej połowa zwalnianych zdecyduje się na skorzystanie z pomocy doradców, to możemy uznać, że samo wdrożenie programu przebiegło właściwie i pracownicy uznali tę formę pomocy za atrakcyjną. A jeżeli następnie co najmniej 50% z uczestników programu odnajdzie się z sukcesem na rynku pracy w ciągu 3-5 miesięcy, to realizację programu można uznać za dobrze przeprowadzoną. O postępach w realizacji programu warto systematycznie informować pozostającą w firmie załogę. Przykłady osób, które znajdują nową pracę utwierdzają pracowników firmy w przekonaniu, że zarząd nie rzuca słów na wiatr i rzeczywiście potrafi zadbać o ludzi. Dzięki temu, w ciągu kilku miesięcy można odbudować nadszarpniętą atmosferę i skupić się umacnianiu pozycji firmy na rynku.
Pracownicy potrafią bardzo docenić właściwą postawę zarządu w okresie restrukturyzacji. W jednej z dużych firm spożywczych z Wielkopolski, w kilka miesięcy po zakończeniu programu outplacement’u przeprowadzono badanie, które wykazało, że sposób w jaki firma zachowała się w tym okresie, pozytywnie wpłynął na opinię o firmie u 89% pracowników a 79% z nich zadeklarowało wzrost zaufania do decyzji zarządu.
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